public class Test {
/**
* 基于通归求解
*
* @param number 色子个数
* @param max 色子的最大值
*/
public static void printProbability(int number, int max) {
if (number < 1 || max < 1) {
return;
}
int maxSum = number * max;
int[] probabilities = new int[maxSum - number + 1];
probability(number, probabilities, max);
double total = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
total *= max;
}
for (int i = number; i <= maxSum; i++) {
double ratio = probabilities[i - number] / total;
System.out.printf("%-8.4f", ratio);
}
System.out.println();
}
/**
* @param number 色子个数
* @param probabilities 不同色子数出现次数的计数数组
* @param max 色子的最大值
*/
private static void probability(int number, int[] probabilities, int max) {
for (int i = 1; i <= max; i++) {
probability(number, number, i, probabilities, max);
}
}
/**
* @param original 总的色子数
* @param current 剩余要处理的色子数
* @param sum 已经前面的色子数和
* @param probabilities 不同色子数出现次数的计数数组
* @param max 色子的最大值
*/
private static void probability(int original, int current, int sum, int[] probabilities, int max) {
if (current == 1) {
probabilities[sum - original]++;
} else {
for (int i = 1; i <= max; i++) {
probability(original, current - 1, i + sum, probabilities, max);
}
}
}
/**
* 基于循环求解
* @param number 色子个数
* @param max 色子的最大值
*/
public static void printProbability2(int number, int max) {
if (number < 1 || max < 1) {
return;
}
int[][] probabilities = new int[2][max * number + 1];
// 数据初始化
for (int i = 0; i < max * number + 1; i++) {
probabilities[0][i] = 0;
probabilities[1][i] = 0;
}
// 标记当前要使用的是第0个数组还是第1个数组
int flag = 0;
// 抛出一个骰子时出现的各种情况
for (int i = 1; i <= max; i++) {
probabilities[flag][i] = 1;
}
// 抛出其它骰子
for (int k = 2; k <= number; k++) {
// 如果抛出了k个骰子,那么和为[0, k-1]的出现次数为0
for (int i = 0; i < k; i++) {
probabilities[1 - flag][i] = 0;
}
// 抛出k个骰子,所有和的可能
for (int i = k; i <= max * k; i++) {
probabilities[1 - flag][i] = 0;
// 每个骰子的出现的所有可能的点数
for (int j = 1; j <= i && j <= max; j++) {
// 统计出和为i的点数出现的次数
probabilities[1 - flag][i] += probabilities[flag][i - j];
}
}
flag = 1 - flag;
}
double total = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < number; i++) {
total *= max;
}
int maxSum = number * max;
for (int i = number; i <= maxSum; i++) {
double ratio = probabilities[flag][i] / total;
System.out.printf("%-8.4f", ratio);
}
System.out.println();
}
}